THE MAIN DIRECTIONS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR IN THE CONTEXT OF STRUCTURAL CHANGES

Summary. The fact that agriculture as a strategically important sector of the economy has its own specifics and this also requires expanding the application of the achievements of scientific and technical progress of economic subjects in the implementation of structural changes in production. According to this perspective, the optimal coordination of the activities of producers of products belonging to various forms of ownership is crucial to ensure the sustainable growth of agriculture at the current stage of structural alterations. By studying the issues mentioned in the article, the main directions of sustainable development of the agricultural sector are determined. The article analyzes transition from the current field management system to the functional management system, the widespread employment of managers, and marketing strategies should be the primary goals of developing a new management system and its constituent management mechanisms. This is necessary because, as a result of changes, private property will inevitably become the dominant type of ownership in the agricultural sector. The widespread use of self-management techniques is presently exhibited as one of the most significant concerns as a result of the application of management structures and mechanisms inherent in a market economy at all levels of the agro-food complex.

I ntroduction.Regulation of the agricultural sector in the conditions of entrepreneurship leads to an improvement in production efficiency indicators.In this regard, the state should, on the one hand, constantly provide assistance and support to agriculture, create fertile conditions for the development of individual industries, and on the other hand, economically stimulate the development of these industries [1].The following measures are of particular importance for raising agriculture to the level of modern requirements: -creating a favorable environment for ensuring the development of the agrarian economy and the development of production industries in order to increase the incomes of the population; -use of significant concessions to advanced production areas to correct structural flaws by establishing a progressive production structure in the agro-industrial complex; -the direction of financial resources allocated from the budget to finance agriculture, primarily for the restoration of fixed production assets, the development of which ensures the development of underdeveloped industries; -training of qualified personnel in accordance with the needs of agriculture.
Methods and materials.The article addresses the importance of using modern approaches, which have replaced traditional ones for examining changes in agricultural structure and are increasingly being employed by academics nowadays.The modernization issues study that is being done is based on observational, comparative, and particularly research-statistical methods.
The solution of the tasks facing agriculture requires an increase in the role of a non-governmental unit, and for this purpose it is considered important to take into account the following features: -ensuring the development of agro-processing enterprises, taking into account the specifics and the existing potential of the territories; -substantiating the organizational and legal structures of entrepreneurial structures while considering the unique characteristics of the rural economy; -support for the creation and expansion of agricultural services for the implementation of agricultural work at the agrotechnical level; -direction of investments in more regions and the introduction of agricultural technologies for the development of entrepreneurship; -development of investment-related programs taking into account regional peculiarities of agricultural production; -insurance of risky production areas; -information and consulting services cover all regions and villages; -development of projects related to the development of infrastructure by region, etc. [2].
Results and discussions.The main prerequisites for ensuring sustainable development of production in this sector of the economy in contemporary times are the industrialization of agricultural production and the application of the most recent scientific and technological advances to the production of agricultural products.It should be noted that applying the advancements of scientific and technological progress to production is limited because agriculture, as the most significant and strategically significant branch of the economy, has its own unique features, including the limited financial capabilities of various newly created economic entities during structural transformations.Consequently, without the net income of agricultural producers, their ability to purchase technical equipment and pay off loans is reduced.
The aforementioned points to the necessity of taking decisive action to reinforce the technical and material foundation of agricultural forms of management.These include the purchase of machinery, fuel, fertilizers and other means of production at discounted prices.The analysis shows that in connection with ensuring the sustainable development of agriculture in an unused form, there are numerous potential opportunities, and their activation can lead to further qualitative improvement of the quality of agriculture in modern conditions.It should be kept in mind that there may be prospects for the development of agriculture as a result of the growth of the non-oil sector.One of the key factors affecting the growth of the non-oil economy is ensuring the multifunctionality of the village and the sustainable development of agriculture.Therefore, ensuring sustainable development in agriculture creates favorable conditions for the development of other alternative industries in parallel with oil.
The proportion of the processing industry increases as agricultural raw material output rises.In this regard, the development of agriculture as a strategically important industry can create favorable conditions for the rapid development of the processing industry, as well as industries producing consumer goods.Increasing the share of domestic production, especially in meeting the needs of processing enterprises operating in the regions, in raw materials, as well as bringing cooperative and integration relations between production and processing enterprises into action based on the principles of mutual efficiency in accordance with the requirements of a market economy is also important from the point of view of protecting the interests of agricultural producers.
The study shows that the development of agriculture is significant due to the increase in the share of it and the products of the processing industry in the composition of exports.It should be noted the lack of export potential in agriculture.It is the activation of this export potential that can lead to an increase in the share of agricultural and food products in the structure of the country's total exports.Therefore, as an important component of the export potential, the necessary measures must be taken to solve these problems in the agro-industrial complex.
The implementation of the necessary measures to support the export of agricultural products is one of the important tasks that need to be addressed at the present stage of structural transformation.Ensuring the sustainable development of agriculture at the present stage of structural transformation depends on the optimal coordination of the activities of commodity producers belonging to different forms of ownership, and all this depends on the effective management of agriculture.
In contemporary settings, the degree of management organization and improvement of its quality and efficiency are also important factors.According to research, a management system is objectively more in demand as a result of transformative changes.Thus, the gradual growth of the overall scale of the agricultural and food complex, which is already the most important and strategically important branch of the economy, the complexity and deepening of its structure, as well as the complexity of sectoral and intersectoral ties, as well as the objective need to integrate organizational, economic and social ties have an impact on the management process [3].In this regard, the improvement of the management system at the present stage of structural changes in agriculture should reflect the system of state regulation of this sphere.
State intervention in the development of the agrarian sphere was characteristic in different periods of its formation and development in differ-ent aspects.The experience of developed countries shows that state intervention in the development of the agricultural sector after abandoning centralized production relations and administrative division of resources serves more to prevent economic crises, ensure social stability in society, protect the incomes of the population from the harmful effects of inflation, stabilize prices for products on the domestic food market.In crisis conditions, the state carries out both activities aimed more at stabilizing the domestic market and measures aimed at forming new industrial relations and creating their infrastructure.
Since the agricultural sector not only performs production and economic functions, but is also the main guarantor of social stability in society, state assistance to its development should be significantly higher, both in modern conditions and in the future.In this regard, in developed countries, in order to stimulate the development of the agricultural sector, the state implements measures aimed at regulating production.
In developed countries, the state has established the essential economic institutions, including the infrastructure of the agricultural market, in order to support the agricultural sector at the beginning of the ongoing transformation process.Such countries possess the essential expertise in developing a market economy system and utilizing prior state control.The study of practice is important from the standpoint of ensuring that mistakes made in these nations are not made again and that the unique characteristics of local conditions, such as natural and climatic conditions and ethno-national characteristics, are taken into account as the agricultural sector develops.International experience demonstrates that the agricultural sector is not immune from harmful market trends, thus the essential state policy is implemented in order to encourage the production of agricultural products.State support for agriculture is intricate and multidimensional, combining agricultural initiatives for different objectives.Among these programs are: -programs related to the stabilization of prices for agricultural products; -programs related to ensuring the country's food security; -programs related to increasing the incomes of agricultural sector workers; -rational use of land, forest and water resources and programs related to environmental physics; -programs related to credit policy and agricultural sector subsidies; -programs related to the social development of the village; -programs related to the support of agricultural research, etc.
These programs are mainly supported by the state budget and serve to develop the agricultural sector, protect the domestic market and stimulate domestic producers of products.
It is important to implement measures related to the formation of parity prices for state aid to the agricultural sector.In this regard, the state is interested in the formation of parity prices so that the existing price level does not have a negative impact on the interests of producers and consumers.In the practice of developed countries, prices for agricul-

ЕКОНОМІЧНІ НАУКИ
tural products are supported by the use of various financing methods.The budgetary allocations directed to the development of agriculture in these countries account for about half of the expenditures of their population on food.
Depending on the conditions in agriculture, developed countries may implement measures connected to state assistance for the agricultural industry.In addition, the present situation of the population's demand for consumer goods, the availability of food items on the domestic market, and the natural and meteorological circumstances are used as a foundation.
Increasing agricultural productivity and soil fertility are the two main goals of state support for the agricultural industry.The standardization of land plot arrangements and the provision of subsidies to farmers and other land users in return for unused land at average selling prices for each hundredweight of the crop produced serve as the foundation for this.Additionally, depending on the ethno-national, socio-political, and socioeconomic features of nations, there are many approaches to the regulation of land relations as well as property concerns in practice.To attain high growth rates in the agricultural sector, fundamental concepts resulting from the kind and form of the economic system are being ignored, even in industrialized nations.And the establishment of free commercial relationships is accomplished through the leasing of state-owned property.
In these countries the establishment of lease relations on a flexible and ideal basis not only generates favorable circumstances for the efficient use of land, but also raises public interest in rural business.State support for the agricultural industry is provided in certain nations in a variety of ways, and all of this falls under the umbrella of the state's primary agrarian policy.The primary means by which the government supports the agricultural industry is through regulating the domestic market for agricultural goods.
Research shows that although state aid to the agricultural sector creates favorable conditions for increasing agricultural production, this process in most cases requires large-scale expenditures from the state budget.It is obvious that large-scale budget expenditures aimed at the development of the agricultural sector can only be carried out by highly developed countries [5].Because of this, developed countries account for a large portion of the global food market.
And in countries undergoing the process of transformation, the implementation of such comprehensive programs requires large budget expenditures that go beyond the capabilities of countries with economies in transition.It should be kept in mind that, especially in the context of globalization, developed countries with economies in transition are constantly exposing the domestic markets of countries to dumping processes.It also accelerates the imbalance in National Agricultural production.It should be highlighted that certain efforts have been done in this direction, even if it is erroneous to compare the measures undertaken in our country in relation to state aid to the agricultural sector with the experience of industrialized nations.
Accordingly, from the analysis of the above concerning state aid to the agricultural sector, it can be concluded that ensuring the national food security of the country, increasing the incomes of agricultural producers and sustainable development of the agricultural sector as a whole is impossible without the necessary state support.It is with all this in mind that the state should create favorable conditions for the development of agriculture, adopt and implement comprehensive state programs in this area.
The experience of developed countries shows that the main directions of improving agricultural management in the context of structural changes should be: -a systematic and integrated approach to economic management; -program approach to socio-economic issues and management process; -a focused approach to management; -long-term strategic approach [4].
It should be noted that a comprehensive study of commodity-money relations, formed as a result of deepening and accelerating structural changes in the proper organization and management of production processes and relations in the agricultural and food complex of our republic, as well as a realistic assessment of the position of these relations in the system of general economic relations, is important and important.But for many years, the dialectic of the production process of the agro-food complex, its patterns, and the problems of marketing products have not been properly studied, have not been substantiated from a clear position that production is the regulator of the economy, and the product market.So, in the agricultural and food complex, the relationship between the production problem and the problem of the market has not only softened until recently, but even worsened somewhat.First of all, this was due to the production of low-quality products and the impossibility of switching to the system of state ordering of products.
Saying that the market is a mechanism that controls the economy in agriculture is incorrect.However, society may also deliberately use the market to choose the course that will best serve its progress.In our opinion, the market should be used by society as an economic ring, a tool for regulating production and supply.Products that have consumer qualities and aesthetic standards that satisfy market demands and whose prices are in line with socially required costs may be marketed under similar circumstances.Therefore, without regular market research and management, it is impossible to successfully organize the sale of products, it is advisable to direct demand and ensure the profitable functioning of the economy.
Another point is that understanding the relationship between supply and demand within the agricultural and food complex of our country, the factors influencing this ratio, and the study of conditions are important for deepening and accelerating structural changes.Due to the fact that all of this information can be used to calculate the intersectoral and intra-sectoral ratios of agriculture, which is an important component of the agricultural and food complex, the volume of output, its structure, as well as the volume of demand for monetary and material resources and investments.And for this, it is extremely important, first of all, to study the state and prospects for the development of the domestic market.In our opinion, in order to effectively manage the supply and demand for individual goods in connection with the preservation of the domestic consumer market, it would be more expedient to take into account the following factors: -the volume and growth rates of food and consumer goods; -the volume and growth rate of household income; -the ratio of food prices to the level of cost; -the degree of security of the consumer market with products due to domestic production; -the volume and structure of personal consumption; -the volume and structure of import and export products.
The implementation of structural transformations in agriculture also requires the creation of a new management mechanism inherent in a market economy and its effective implementation.In our opinion, when creating a new management mechanism in the context of accelerating the deepening of reforms, it can be considered necessary to take into account the following proposals: -redistribution of functions between public administration bodies and bodies of economic and territorial self-government, strengthening of their ties; -adequate enhancement of the role of state bodies in deepening and accelerating agrarian reform, ensuring the effective functioning of agriculture; -justification of the mechanism of state regulation of the activities of the agro-food complex; -increasing the importance of subjects of economic and territorial self-government, expanding their ties with public administration bodies; -development of various regulatory and legal documents capable of ensuring the functioning of the management mechanism in the agro-food complex and its most important component-agriculture, and filling in gaps in legislative acts adopted in this area.
The growth of agriculture is significantly influenced by credit relations, according to the experience of developed countries.But at the same time, farms are less likely to accept loans.This is due to the fact that the question arises about the repayment of this loan.However, in some cases, in connection with the support of agricultural producers, they are granted loans on preferential terms, which, consequently, creates favorable conditions for the implementation of widespread reproduction in agriculture.However, the bank will take out a loan if necessary.In this case, they try to ensure that the loan is received in accordance with demand.In addition, one of the key requirements is that the loan be used for the intended purpose.But it should be kept in mind that the loan received must be repaid at the same time.And the funds returned, as a rule, are more than the loan received.Therefore, one of the important issues of ensuring the effectiveness of the loan is its focus on the development of production capacities.This may eventually create favorable conditions for the implementation of broad reproduction in agriculture and the sustainable expansion of the production process.
As is known, contractual relationships serve as the primary regulatory framework for the col-laboration and integration of agricultural product producers among themselves, as well as between processing businesses and service organizations.Producers of agricultural products independently contracts with neighboring farms in order to effectively use the equipment they have, and by providing them with services are able to effectively use the Associated production capacities.Studies show that in newly created farms, including peasant (farmer), private, individual, family farms and cooperatives, one of the most important issues is the regulation of the management of these farms.
In developed countries, farm managers represent the farm and protect its interests in interactions with the state, cooperatives, the public, and other businesses.Documents are prepared in their names for leases, temporary uses, and ownership of land.They plan economic operations, sign contracts, grant powers of attorney, and make use of the right to give money and property with the approval of the household.
Conclusion.Manufacturers of agricultural goods are entitled to enter into all different kinds of agreements and contracts with other businesses, institutions, and organizations as well as with private people, as permitted by law, to ensure the effective organization of production.Farms are allowed to buy, trade, lease, and borrow from state and cooperative companies any real estate, vehicles, machinery, and other items that aren't utilized for the homeland-stones.It should be emphasized that in the event of breach of contract, farmers are financially liable for their property and must reimburse the customer for any harm done.If the government, cooperatives, government agencies, and people fail to uphold their duties to farms, they are responsible for compensating the farms with their property.The state, cooperative businesses and organizations, public enterprises, and people are accountable with their property and must pay for the harm done to the farm if they fail to meet their commitments to farms.The developed experience of the countries demonstrates that agricultural farms organize a variety of cooperatives, mostly completely voluntarily.In civil law, the rights of these farms to unite and enter into associations, cooperatives, associations and organizations that satisfy their interests are noted.On the basis of cooperation, farms are engaged in processing, maintenance and repair enterprises of agricultural products, supply organizations, shops, Joint-Stock Companies, commercial banks, etc they can create.
It should be noted that the main goal of creating a new management system and its constituent management mechanism should consist in the transition from the existing field management system to the functional management system, the widespread use of manager, marketing methods.This necessity is due to the fact that as a result of reforms, the transformation of the form of private property into the leading form of ownership in the agrarian sector is inevitable.As a result of the application of management structures and mechanisms inherent in a market economy at all levels of the agro-food complex, the wide application of self-management methods is currently manifested as one of the most important issues.